454 Casull vs 45-70: A Comprehensive Comparison
The debate between the .454 Casull and the .45-70 Government cartridges is a long-standing one among shooting enthusiasts, hunters, and reloaders. Both cartridges boast impressive power and a rich history, but they cater to slightly different needs and applications. This article aims to provide a detailed comparison of the 454 Casull vs 45-70, examining their ballistics, recoil, effective range, and intended uses to help you determine which cartridge best suits your specific requirements.
A Brief History
Understanding the origins of each cartridge provides valuable context for their current applications.
The 454 Casull
The .454 Casull is a relatively modern cartridge, developed in 1957 by Dick Casull and Jack Fulmer. Their goal was to create a handgun cartridge with significantly more power than existing options like the .44 Magnum. The 454 Casull achieves this by using a longer, stronger case and higher pressures. It quickly gained a reputation as one of the most powerful handgun cartridges available.
The 45-70 Government
The .45-70 Government, on the other hand, has a much longer history, dating back to 1873. It was originally developed for the U.S. Army’s Springfield Model 1873 rifle. The 45-70 was intended as a powerful and reliable cartridge for military use, and it remained a popular choice for hunting large game long after its military service ended. [See also: Best Lever Action Rifles for Hunting]
Ballistics: Power and Performance
When comparing the 454 Casull vs 45-70, ballistics are a crucial consideration. This involves looking at bullet weight, velocity, energy, and trajectory.
Velocity and Energy
The .454 Casull generally exhibits higher velocities than the .45-70, especially with lighter bullets. This translates to a flatter trajectory and increased energy at shorter ranges. A typical 300-grain .454 Casull load can achieve velocities of around 1600-1900 fps, generating over 2000 ft-lbs of energy. The 45-70, while typically slower, can launch heavier bullets with considerable force. Common 405-grain loads reach velocities of 1200-1400 fps, producing similar energy levels, and heavier loads can exceed 3000 ft-lbs of energy.
Trajectory
Due to its higher velocity, the 454 Casull typically has a flatter trajectory than the 45-70, making it easier to aim at longer distances. However, the difference in trajectory is less significant at shorter ranges (under 100 yards).
Bullet Weight
The 45-70 generally uses heavier bullets than the 454 Casull. Common bullet weights for the .45-70 range from 300 to 500 grains, while the .454 Casull typically uses bullets between 240 and 360 grains. The heavier bullets of the .45-70 provide excellent penetration, making it suitable for large and dangerous game.
Recoil: Taming the Beast
Recoil is a significant factor when choosing between the 454 Casull vs 45-70. Both cartridges generate substantial recoil, but the perceived recoil can vary depending on the firearm and the specific load.
Recoil Comparison
Generally, the 454 Casull, when fired from a handgun, produces very sharp and significant recoil. The 45-70, when fired from a rifle, has a more manageable recoil due to the increased weight of the firearm and the distribution of recoil energy over a larger area. However, lightweight .45-70 rifles can still deliver a punishing recoil. Both cartridges are not for the faint of heart, and proper shooting technique is essential for safe and accurate shooting.
Effective Range: Distance Matters
The effective range of both cartridges depends on several factors, including bullet weight, velocity, trajectory, and the shooter’s skill. [See also: Long Range Shooting Tips]
Range Considerations
The 454 Casull is generally considered effective out to around 150-200 yards, while the 45-70 can be effective at ranges exceeding 200 yards, particularly with heavier bullets and proper sighting. However, ethical hunting practices dictate that shots should only be taken within the shooter’s ability to make a clean and humane kill. For most hunting scenarios, the 45-70 is typically used within 200 yards.
Intended Uses: What Are They Good For?
The 454 Casull vs 45-70 serves different purposes, largely influenced by the firearms they are chambered in.
454 Casull Applications
The 454 Casull is primarily a handgun cartridge, commonly found in revolvers like the Ruger Super Redhawk and Freedom Arms Model 83. Its high power makes it suitable for handgun hunting of deer, hogs, and even larger game at closer ranges. It is also a popular choice for bear defense in areas where large predators are a concern. The 454 Casull offers significant stopping power in a relatively compact package.
45-70 Applications
The 45-70 is primarily a rifle cartridge, typically found in lever-action rifles like the Marlin 1895 and Henry rifles. Its powerful, heavy bullets make it ideal for hunting large and dangerous game, such as elk, moose, and bear. It is also a popular choice for hunting in thick brush, where shorter-range, high-penetration shots are often required. The 45-70 has a proven track record for taking down big game across North America and beyond.
Firearm Availability
The availability of firearms chambered in each cartridge is an important factor to consider.
454 Casull Firearms
Firearms chambered in 454 Casull are primarily limited to large-frame revolvers, although some single-shot pistols are also available. This limits the cartridge’s versatility compared to the 45-70.
45-70 Firearms
The 45-70 is available in a wider variety of firearms, including lever-action rifles, single-shot rifles, and even some bolt-action rifles. This provides shooters with more options to choose from based on their preferences and intended use.
Ammunition Availability and Cost
Availability and cost of ammunition are practical considerations when choosing between the 454 Casull vs 45-70.
Ammunition Considerations
Generally, 45-70 ammunition is more readily available and less expensive than 454 Casull ammunition. This is due to the 45-70’s longer history and wider use. However, both cartridges are readily available online and at most well-stocked gun stores. Reloading is a popular option for both cartridges, allowing shooters to customize their loads and reduce costs.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
The choice between the 454 Casull vs 45-70 ultimately depends on your specific needs and preferences. If you are looking for a powerful handgun cartridge for hunting or bear defense, the 454 Casull is an excellent choice. If you are looking for a rifle cartridge for hunting large and dangerous game, particularly at closer ranges, the 45-70 is a proven and reliable option. Consider the firearm you intend to use, the type of game you plan to hunt, and your tolerance for recoil when making your decision. Both cartridges are capable of delivering impressive performance in the right hands.
Ultimately, both the 454 Casull and the 45-70 are powerful and capable cartridges. The best choice depends on the specific application and the shooter’s individual preferences. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each cartridge is essential for making an informed decision.
